Report IMD 2019

ก-32 Item Indicator 2553 (2010) 2554 (2011) 2555 (2012) 2556 (2013) 2557 (2014) 2558 (2015) 2559 (2016) 2560 (2017) 2561 (2018) 2562 (2019) 4.4.21 Ecological footprint (Background) 2.10 2.40 2.40 2.40 2.10 2.10 1.90 2.70 2.50 2.50 Unit: Hectares (Rank) (7) (9) (9) (8) (6) (6) (6) (7) (7) (8) 4.4.22 Ecological balance (reserve/deficit) -1.15 -1.22 -1.22 -1.24 -0.90 -0.90 -0.72 -1.42 -1.22 -1.25 Unit: Hectares (Rank) (29) (24) (24) (26) (30) (31) (28) (29) (27) (26) 4.4.23 Environment-related technologies 0.03 0.05 0.06 Unit: Percent (Rank) (44) (38) (41) 4.4.24 Environmental agreements 87.75 Unit: Percent (Rank) (28) 4.4.25 Sustainable development (Survey) 6.44 6.31 6.38 6.25 5.95 6.04 6.30 6.42 6.50 6.48 Unit: 0-10 (not priority- priority) (Rank) (16) (21) (23) (24) (28) (28) (20) (23) (23) (27) 4.4.26 Pollution problems (Survey) 4.80 5.15 5.59 5.28 5.10 5.27 5.43 5.55 5.14 4.55 Unit: 0-10 (seriously-not seriously) (Rank) (41) (42) (38) (42) (44) (45) (41) (40) (42) (49) 4.4.27 Environmental laws (Survey) 4.90 5.46 5.80 5.70 5.45 5.29 5.50 5.85 5.76 5.90 Unit: 0-10 (hinder-not hinder) (Rank) (55) (46) (31) (39) (43) (47) (49) (40) (43) (40) Climate Change (Survey) 4.64 4.48 4.33 Unit: 0-10 (is not-is) (Rank) (35) (40) (46) 4.4.28 Quality of life (Survey) 5.84 5.95 6.45 6.48 5.98 6.25 6.39 6.36 6.29 6.42 Unit: 0-10 (low-high) (Rank) (33) (32) (30) (31) (32) (34) (35) (34) (37) (36) 4.5 Education 47 51 52 51 54 48 52 54 56 56 4.5.01 Total public expenditure on education 4.20 4.60 4.00 4.00 3.90 4.20 3.90 3.90 3.80 3.50 Unit: Percent (Rank) (35) (32) (38) (42) (42) (39) (43) (43) (45) (51) 4.5.02 Total public expenditure on education per capita (Background) 174.00 183.00 189.00 193.00 216.00 249.00 246.00 238.00 236.00 239.00 Unit: US$ (Rank) (51) (51) (52) (53) (53) (52) (53) (55) (54) (55) 4.5.03 Government expenditure on education per student 18.00 37.00 19.70 17.80 18.00 18.00 Unit: Percent (Rank) (41) (2) (33) (41) (41) (43)