Money, Finance, Insurance and Balance of Payments Statistics
Money, finance, insurance and balance of payments statistics presented in this chapter have been
derived from the Treasury Department, the Government Savings Bank, Ministry of Finance, the Bank of
Thailand and the Co-operatives Promotion Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Co-operatives.
In general,
“
money
”
consists of coins, banknotes which are legal tender and bank demand deposits
which are paid and transferred by cheque. The unit of Thai currency known as
“
Baht
”
is divided into one
hundred
“
Stangs
”
, which is of the decimal system.
The Bank of Thailand, which was set up under the Bank of Thailand Act B.E.
2485
(1942)
is the
central bank of the country. In order to ensure the stability of the currency and to maintain a currency
reserve fund, the compositions of the currency reserve fund providing in section
30
of the Currency Act B.E.
2501
(1958)
are as follows
:
1
. gold,
2
. United States dollars, pound sterling, or other foreign currencies prescribed by the
Ministerial Regulation in the form of deposits with central banks or commercial banks outside the kingdom,
3
. foreign securities with interest and principal paid in the foreign currencies listed in
2
,
4
. securities of the Thai government, the interest and principal of which are payable in the foreign
currencies listed in
2
. or in Baht,
5
. treasury bills purchased or re-discounted by the Bank of Thailand, provided that the total
amount does not exceed ten percent of the total amount of banknotes issued,
6
. gold or U.S. dollars contributed to the International Monetary Fund.
The Bank of Thailand is required to maintain the composition of the currency reserve fund at not
less than
60
percent of the total amount of notes issued.
Thailand has been a member of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) since
1949
, but did not
fix an initial par value for the Baht, because at that time the economic situation had not yet stabilized. On
October
20, 1963
the Royal Decree was promulgated establishing par value of the Baht. It provided that
the par value for one Baht should be
0.0427245
gram of fine gold and giving it an exchange rate of Baht
20.80
to one U.S. dollar. And thereafter Thailand had adjusted the par value for the Baht for many times.
The exchange rate system had been adjusted as of November
2, 1984
by
pegging the value of
